"Remarkable Journeys: Globe Skimmer Dragonflies and Their Monsoon-Driven Migration Across the Indian Ocean .The Maldives
- Ibrahim Rasheed
- Mar 16
- 4 min read
The Indian Ocean monsoon trade wind system, with its biannual reversal, has significantly influenced maritime trade and navigation for centuries, enabling sailors to travel between India, East Africa, and beyond. Similarly, dragonfly migration systems are remarkable, with species like the globe skimmer (Pantala flavescens) traveling thousands of miles across the Indian Ocean, often aligning with monsoon winds. These migrations, driven by seasonal weather patterns, allow dragonflies to exploit temporary water bodies for breeding, showcasing a fascinating parallel to human maritime navigation.
The Role of Sweet Water Wells and Traditional "Vevu"?
The Maldives, an archipelago renowned for its pristine beaches and vibrant marine life, is also home to unique ecological and cultural practices that reflect the island nation's sustainable relationship with its environment. Among these are the thousands of sweet water wells and the traditional Maldivian "Vevu,"
shallow rainwater collection basins, which have served as vital water sources for generations. Beyond their practical utility, these water bodies play an unexpected yet significant role in supporting local biodiversity, particularly the breeding habits of dragonflies, an insect integral to the ecosystem.
Dragonflies, with their iridescent wings and agile flight, are not only visually striking but also ecologically essential. These insects thrive in freshwater habitats, making the Maldives' sweet water wells and Vevu ideal breeding grounds.
Female dragonflies deposit their eggs in or near these water sources, often selecting calm, shallow areas where aquatic vegetation provides protection.
The eggs hatch into,
the larval stage of dragonflies, which can live in these aquatic environments for several months to several years, depending on the species. During this time, nymphs are voracious predators, feeding on small aquatic organisms and even mosquito larvae, thus contributing to natural pest control.
The sustainability of these water bodies aligns closely with the life cycle of dragonflies. Sweet water wells, dug deep into the coral-based soil of the islands, tap into freshwater lenses that float above the underlying saltwater. Meanwhile, Vevu, constructed as shallow basins, collect rainwater during the monsoon season, providing temporary but vital habitats. Both systems are low-impact and require minimal maintenance, reflecting the Maldivians' traditional knowledge of living in harmony with their fragile environment. These water sources not only sustain human life but also create micro-ecosystems where dragonflies can flourish.
The presence of dragonflies in these habitats is a testament to the health of the ecosystem. As bioindicators, dragonflies require clean, unpolluted water to thrive. Their ability to breed successfully in the Maldives' wells and Vevu suggests that these water sources remain relatively free from contamination, despite challenges posed by climate change and tourism-related development. However, the sustainability of these habitats is not guaranteed. Rising sea levels, saltwater intrusion, and over-extraction of groundwater threaten the freshwater lenses that feed the wells, while urbanization can lead to the filling or neglect of Vevu.
In conclusion, the thousands of sweet water wells and traditional Vevu scattered across the Maldives are more than just water sources; they are lifelines for both humans and wildlife, including dragonflies. The breeding habits of dragonflies, from egg-laying to the extended nymph stage, underscore the ecological importance of these water bodies. By preserving and maintaining these sustainable practices, the Maldives can continue to support its rich biodiversity while honoring its cultural heritage. The delicate dance of dragonflies above these waters serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of nature and tradition, urging us to protect these invaluable resources for future generations.
Historically, fenvalhu were dug to tap into the thin freshwater lenses that form beneath the islands' sandy soil.
These lenses are created when rainwater infiltrates the ground and floats atop the denser seawater below, forming a delicate balance. For centuries, Maldivians depended on these wells for drinking water, cooking, agriculture, and other daily needs. On inhabited islands, communities often shared wells, fostering a sense of collective responsibility for their maintenance. On uninhabited islands, wells served as critical water sources for fishermen, traders, and travelers who relied on these remote locations for shelter and sustenance during long journeys.
"Dragonflies require freshwater for breeding. In the Maldives, surface freshwater is extremely limited due to the islands' formation. They primarily consist of coral reefs and sandbars connected to the saltwater sea. So why do millions of dragonflies appear each year?
This was a question posed by Dr. Charles Anderson. He relocated from the UK to the Maldives in 1983 and significantly contributed to the country through his maritime research and conservation efforts, earning numerous accolades. His curiosity drove him to investigate the migration of the dragonflies, which aligns with the transition from the south-west monsoon (Hulhangu Moosun) to the north-east monsoon (Iruvai Moosun).
In Ha. Kelaa, Maldives, dragonflies are a cherished part of the local ecosystem and culture. The region is home to several species, traditionally known as Thinoasdhandidhooni, Bimbulo, Heynakathudhooni (dhondhooni), Baburu dhooni, and Bodulo. These dragonflies are not only admired for their beauty and agility but also play a vital role in controlling mosquito populations, thus contributing to the health and well-being of the community. Their presence is a natural indicator of the changing seasons, particularly marking the transition of monsoons. The sight of these dragonflies fluttering around is a delightful and significant aspect of life in Kelaa, reflecting the harmonious relationship between nature and the local traditions.